The landslide victory by Japan’s Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in the snap election of February 8 was far greater than anyone had predicted, with the LDP winning 316 out of 465 seats in the lower house of the Diet (parliament), the most by any political party in postwar Japan. What are the causes and implications of this historic event? The causes can be attributed to three factors: (1) the popularity of Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi; (2) the economic, political, and security challenges facing Japan; and (3) the fragmentation and weakness of the opposition parties.
Cause 1: The Popularity of Prime Minister Takaichi
Takaichi, Japan’s first woman prime minister, has enjoyed a remarkably high approval rating—in the 70 percent range—since her election as president of the LDP and prime minister in October 2025. This stems in part from the perception that she is a hardworking and serious politician who has fought her way up the ranks without the privileges afforded the many wealthy male politicians in the Diet who inherited their seats from their fathers. Her plain-speaking, decisive style is seen as a breath of fresh air by those who are tired of politicians who often state the measured talking points prepared by cautious government bureaucrats.
Cause 2: Economic, Political, and Security Challenges
Second, the Japanese public has been disillusioned by decades of wage stagnation, demographic decline, and anxiety that Japan’s role in the world is waning, as evidenced by Japan occupying 18 percent of the world’s GDP in 1995 but less than 4 percent by 2025. Japan surpassed West Germany in 1968 to become the world’s second largest economy, but was overtaken by China in 2010 and by Germany in 2023. This economic decline is accompanied by a heightened sense of insecurity and vulnerability in the face of military aggression by Russia, China, and North Korea coupled with doubts about US commitment to defending its allies, including Japan. To overcome these challenges, Takaichi promises a “Strong Japan.”
Cause 3: Fragmentation and Weakness of the Opposition
Third, Japan’s opposition political parties have become so fragmented that they are unable to counter the LDP. In January 2026, the two largest opposition parties, the Constitutional Democratic Party (CDP) and the Komeito, merged to create the Centrist Reform Alliance. But this alliance failed to persuade the voters, who handed a crushing defeat to the former CDP, which went from 144 to a paltry 21 seats.
Implications: Unprecedented Political Capital
The implication of the massive LDP victory is that Prime Minister Takaichi and the LDP have unprecedented political capital to pursue their priorities—whether to revive the economy; reform the pension, health, and social welfare systems; expand the military; restrict immigration; or revise the Constitution.
Will Prime Minister Takaichi pursue a pragmatic path that preserves but tries to reinvigorate the status quo? Or will she pursue a more ambitious agenda to Make Japan Great Again—aspiring to expand Japan’s political, economic, and military power to go beyond the “middle power” status that Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney espoused at the World Economic Forum in Davos on January 20? The world will be watching carefully, with great anticipation.
Article written by Glen S. Fukushima, a member of the U.S.-Japan Council Board of Councilors and the USJC DC & Vicinity Region. Mr. Fukushima provided the name “U.S.-Japan Council” when the organization was created in 2009 and is currently a Visiting Fellow at Stanford University. A native of San Francisco, he was educated at Stanford and Harvard University and previously served as a senior official at USTR (Office of the U.S. Trade Representative) and as President of the American Chamber of Commerce in Japan.